Indirect taxation refers to taxes that are not directly levied on income or profits but are instead applied to the sale of goods and services. These taxes are collected by businesses on behalf of the government and are paid by consumers as part of the purchase price. Common examples include Value Added Tax (VAT), Goods and Services Tax (GST), sales tax, excise duties, and customs duties. Unlike direct taxes, which are paid directly to the government by the taxpayer, indirect taxes are embedded in the cost of products. Indirect taxation is a major revenue source for governments and can influence consumer behavior and business pricing strategies.